Utilitarianism, a consequentialist theory of ethics formulated by philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, argues that the optimal action is the one that increases overall happiness or joy. Central to this ethical theory is the "Principle of Greatest Happiness," which asserts that behaviors are morally right if they increase happiness and unjustified if they produce the contrary. Utilitarianism judges the rightness of an action based on its result, making it a practical method to ethical judgments.

This ethical theory confronts traditional moral systems that prioritize duties or principles, instead promoting a versatile approach that takes into account the outcomes of decisions. Proponents of utilitarianism assert that by emphasizing the greatest good for the majority, the public can achieve a greater overall happiness. This idea has been applied in numerous areas, including economic theory, governance, and government policy, influencing choices that seek to better community health and reduce misery.

Utilitarianism also tackles the nuances of assessing and comparing happiness. Detractors contend that it can be difficult to calculate joy and that this philosophy investment philosophy may overlook the rights and dignity of individuals. Nonetheless, supporters argue that the utilitarian approach offers a objective and impartial system for judging ethical problems, encouraging a more humane and realistic view to moral decision-making. By prioritizing the consequences of decisions and aiming to enhance overall well-being, the utilitarian philosophy presents a persuasive model for attaining a equitable and balanced community.